美國政府推動藥品定價改革
US Government Advances Reforms to Drug Pricing
Updated at: June 25, 2026 at 09:15 AM
美國政府正在進行一項重大的藥價改革，主要由二〇二二年的《通膨削減法案》(Inflation Reduction Act, IRA)所推動。
The U.S. government is undertaking a significant overhaul of pharmaceutical costs, primarily driven by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022.
這項歷史性的轉變使政府的角色從被動的購買者轉變為主動的談判者，旨在讓公民能更負擔得起必要的藥物。
This historic shift transforms the government from a passive purchaser into an active negotiator, aiming to make essential medications more affordable for citizens.
這些改革的核心是「聯邦醫療保險藥物價格談判計畫」(Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program)，該計畫允許聯邦醫療保險(Medicare)直接為高支出藥物設定「最高公平價格」。
Central to these reforms is the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program, which allows Medicare to directly set 'maximum fair prices' for high-expenditure drugs.
除了直接談判外，政府還推出了通膨回扣，以懲罰藥廠過度漲價，並為聯邦醫療保險D部分(Medicare Part D)的受益人實施了每年二千一百美元的自付額上限，以減輕財務負擔。
Beyond direct negotiation, the government has introduced inflation rebates to penalize manufacturers for excessive price hikes and implemented a $2,100 annual out-of-pocket cap for Medicare Part D beneficiaries to ease financial burdens.
此外，近期的立法也針對藥局福利管理機構(PBMs)進行管制，以提高透明度並消除導致藥品標價虛高的誘因。
Additionally, recent legislation has targeted Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) to increase transparency and eliminate incentives for inflated list prices.
儘管批評者擔心聯邦政府的干預可能會抑制製藥業的創新，但支持者堅稱這些變革對於醫療保健的可持續性至關重要。
While critics worry that federal intervention could potentially stifle pharmaceutical innovation, supporters maintain that these changes are crucial for the sustainability of healthcare.
隨著政府持續探索如生物相似藥支持和國際藥價比較等新模式，藥品可負擔性顯然仍是未來幾年的首要立法重點。
As the government continues to explore new models like biosimilar support and international pricing comparisons, it is clear that drug affordability remains a top legislative priority for the coming years.
